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Peter of Toledo
Peter of Toledo was a significant translator into Latin of the twelfth century. He was one of the team preparing the first Latin translation of the ''Qur'an'' (the ''Lex Mahumet pseudoprophete'').〔Bishko, C. (''Peter the Venerable's Journey to Spain'' ). Bishko identifies Peter of Toledo as "the probable link between the first translation of the Koran into a western language and Peter (the Venerable)'s anti-Islamic ''croisade intellectuelle'', on the one hand, and the Toletan translators clustered about the cathedral school of Archbishop Raymond, on the other."〕
While not much is known of his life, from his fluency in Arabic he is assumed to have been a Mozarab. His activities as a translator suggest he worked at the Toledo School of Translators, which was supported by the archbishop of Toledo, Raymond de Sauvetât. Deficiencies in the translation of ''Apology of al-Kindy'', on which he is known to have worked, indicate that his knowledge of Classical Arabic was limited.〔P.S. van Koningsveld, (Religious polemics in context: The apology of Al-Kindi )〕
In 1142, Peter the Venerable visited Spain and recruited a team of translators who were to translate five Arabic texts, including the Qur'an. The translation work went on in 1142-3. Peter of Toledo appears to have been the principal translator of only one of the texts, the ''Apology of al-Kindy'',〔〔 Hyatte, R. ''The Prophet of Islam in Old French'' (1997), p. 7.〕 but he played a key role in the project as a whole, collaborating with three other people who were familiar with Arabic, Robert of Ketton, Herman of Carinthia, a Muslim called Mohammed and also with Peter of Poitiers, who undertook the polishing of the Latin.〔Kritzeck, J. (Robert of Ketton's translation of the Qur'an ): Peter the Venerable recounted that because Peter of Toledo was not as familiar with Latin as he was with Arabic, he was assisted by another brother, Peter of Poitiers.〕 Kritzeck credits Peter of Toledo with having planned and annotated the collection, but this interpretation depends on the Peter being the author of anonymous glosses in a manuscript which has survived in France.
〔Kritzeck, James. ''Peter the Venerable and Islam''. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1964. (Princeton Oriental Studies No. 23)〕
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